das Perfekt – Teil 3
(Present perfect tense – part 3)
Sumber gambar : youtube.learngerman |
Learning Objectives :
1. Regeläßige Verben
2. Unregelässige Verben
3. Trennbare Verben
4. Untrennbare Verben
The basic rules for forming perfect is using haben or sein as the Hilfsverb in the second position, and partizip II of the main verb at the end of the sentence.
Let’s go through a few examples in perfekt :
*If you notice the Partizip II is formed by adding ge- to the verb.
But not always like in the next examples ;
Let’s look at an example of Trennbare Verb :
Now we learn how to form the Partizip II. The basic rule is :
ð You can ad ge- or there is sometimes no ge- to the Verbstamm.
ð This Verbstamm migh have a Vocalwechsel or no vocalwechsel.
ð At the end you can have either a t- or et- or –en. This rule varies from verb to verb.
Let’s see how to make a Partizip II for regular verbs :
ð Here you add ge- for the Verbstamm.
ð The Verbstamm has no Vokalwechsel, which is typical for regular verbs.
ð At the end, you will either add a t- or et-.
We’ll do a few examples to understand this better :
ð The Partizip II takes ge- + Verbstamm (that is “mach”) + -t at the end (hence gemacht).
ð Do not forget that, whenever you’re learning the Partizip II of a verb, you have to learn the Hilfsverb along with it. Its either hat or ist. z.B :
Partizip II bei Regelmäßigen Verben |
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machen – hat gemacht
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Ich habe die Hausaufgabe gemacht. I have done the homework. |
spielen – hat gespielt |
Wie lange hast du gestern Musik gespielt? How long did you play music yesterday? |
lernen – hat gelernt |
Ich habe die neuen Wörter schon gelernt. I have already learnt the new words. |
arbeiten – hat gearbeitet*) |
Ich habe auch am Sonntag gearbeitet. I worked on Sunday also. |
*) arbeiten – hat gearbeitet
In this case, the Verbstamm is ending wit t-, hence the Partizip II will take the ending et-. So all the regular verbs where the Verbstamm end with t- or d- take the ending as et-. z. B :
ð reden – hat geredet (to talk – talked).
Let’s see what happens to verbs that end with “-ieren”, for examples studieren (to study) and fotografieren (to photograph).
In this case, the Partizip II does not take a ge-. You will just use the Verbstamm and a t- to the end.
For example :
One again, in this case we take the Verbstamm (that is studier) and at a t- to the end.
verbs that end with “-ieren” |
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studieren - studiert
|
Martina hat an der Uni Mathe studiert. Martina studied Mathematic at the University. |
Moving on to the next category irregular verbs.
ð In this case, to make the Partizip II, you add ge- to the Verbstamm wich will show a Vokalwechsel since it’s an irregular verb.
ð At the end you will ad –en.
There are a few mixed verbs that take ge- with Verbstamm that shows Vokalwechsel and –t at the end. For examples :
denken => hat gedacht
think - thought
And here’s the first example :
*) In this case, the Partizip II of schrieben has a ge- + Verbstamm (schrieb) + at the end you add –en.
Partizip II bei Unregelmäßigen Verben |
|
schrieben – hat geschrieben menulis |
Petra hat mir einen Brief geschrieben. Petra has written a letter to me. |
finden – hat gefunden menemukan/pikir |
Wir haben den Film sehr langweilig gefunden. We found the movie very boring. |
kommen – ist gekommen*) |
Er ist spät nach Hause gekommen. He come home late. |
*) Kommen doesn’t have a vokalwechsel in present, but in it’s Präteritum form. That’s way it’s an irregulat verb. The Präteritum for kommen and other words you will be doing in A2.
*) So in Perfekt such words just take a ge- + verbstamm + en at the end.
Here’s a list of view irregular verbs and the perfekt that you should know :
essen = makan gehen = pergi/jalan bringen = membawa/mengantar trinken = minum fahren = mengendarai/naik geben = memberi helfen = membantu/menolong nehmen = mengambil
The next case is bei trennbaren Verben : |
Here the Partizip II takes first the Präfix of the verb, than the Partizip II of the verb. Which could be Regelmäßig oder Unregelmäßig.
Here’s an example for Präfix and Regelmäßiges Verb :
The Partizip II takes the Präfix (ein) + Partizip II for kaufen (gekauft)
Partizip II bei Trennbare Verben |
|
einkaufen – hat eingekauft berbelanja |
Hast du gestern viel eingekauft? Did you shop a lot yesterday? |
Here’s an example for Präfix and Unregelmäßiges Verb :
The Partizip II takes the Präfix (auf) + Partizip II for stehen (gestanden).
Let’s look at how to use it :
Matthias ist heute spät aufgestanden.
Matthias woke up late today.
Here are few more trennbare verben and their perfect
aufstehen = bangkit/bangun zumachen = menutup mitkommen = ikut fernsehen = menonton TV anfangen = berawal/memulai
The next case is bei Untrennbaren Verben : |
ð In this case, the Partizip II will have untrennbares Präfix with Partizip II vom Verb, but withoout ge-. This Verb could be regelmäßiges oder Unregelmäßiges.
Let’s look at a few examples to understand this :
In this case the verb klären is a regelmäßiges Verb, hence it takes only a –t at the end.
erklären = to explain - menerangkan/menjelaskan klären = to clarify-menjernihkan
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Here are a few other Untrennbare Verben which you should know :
bekommen = mendapat gefallen = senang erzählen = menceritakan entscheiden = memutuskan |
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